tipler

Privatdozent Dr. Klaus Wendt, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz; Beurteilung an den Verlag, 19. Oktober 2004

Den "Tipler" kann ich mit gutem Gewissen meinen Studenten im physikalischen Grundpraktikum empfehlen: Auch bei geringem schulischen Vorwissen ermöglicht er den optimalen Einstieg in die Hochschulphysik für Nebenfächler, ist aber auch ausreichend präzise und tiefgehend für den Hauptfächler. -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

Peter Goldkuhle, Studienseminar für das Lehramt am Gymnasium, Detmold; Beurteilung an den Verlag, 19. Oktober 2004

...didaktisch sehr gut aufbereitetes Lehrbuch, nicht nur für das Studium sondern auch für Leistungskurse Physik in der gymnasialen Oberstufe sehr zu empfehlen. -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

Privatdozent Dr. Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Physik Department, TU München; Beurteilung an den Verlag, 25. Oktober 2004

Eine gelungene Einführung in die Physik mit einer Vielzahl von anschaulichen Aufgaben und Beispielen - sehr empfehlenswert. -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

Prof. Dr. Renate Hiesgen, Fachbereich Grundlagen, Fachhochschule Esslingen; Beurteilung an den Verlag, 25. Oktober 2004

Der neue Tipler ist ein ganz fantastisches Lehrbuch mit vielen sehr guten Beispielen und Beispielaufgaben sowohl für Dozenten als auch zum Selbststudium! -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

Kurzbeschreibung

Verständlich, einprägsam, lebendig - dies ist Tiplers Einführung in die Experimentalphysik. Klar und eingängig entwickelt Tipler die physikalische Begriffs- und Formelwelt. Der flüssig geschriebene Text wird dabei instruktiv und von liebevoll gestalteter Farbgrafik illustriert. Studienanfänger - egal, ob sie Physik im Haupt- oder Nebenfach studieren - finden hier Schritt für Schritt den Einstieg in die Physik. Beispielaufgaben zum Nachvollziehen und zum selbst üben vermitteln die notwendige Sicherheit für anstehende Klausuren und Prüfungen. Wer dieses attraktive Buch aufschlägt, wird es so schnell nicht wieder aus der Hand legen: - anschauliche Grafik - durchgehend vierfarbig - in übersichtlichem Layout - verständliche Aufbereitung des Prüfungsstoffes - ausgearbeitete Beispielaufgaben, vom Text deutlich abgesetzt - zu jedem Kapitel eine Zusammenfassung mit den wichtigsten Gesetzen und Formeln - zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben sowie Tabellen mit physikalischen Daten - aktuelle Themen aus Forschung und Anwendung - problemorientierte Einführung der mathematischen Werkzeuge - herausgegeben von einem führenden Wissenschaftler einer führenden physikalischen Fakultät und erfahrenen Übersetzern Das Lehrbuch deckt die Experimentalphysik in ihrer gesamten Breite ab: Mechanik; Schwingungen und Wellen; Thermodynamik; Elektrizität und Magnetismus; Optik; Relativitätstheorie; Quantenmechanik und ihre Anwendungen von der Teilchen- bis zur Astrophysik. Alle Übungsaufgaben sind im Arbeitsbuch zu diesem Lehrbuch ausführlich besprochen und durchgerechnet. -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

Über den Autor

Paul A. Tipler promovierte an der University of Illinois über die Struktur von Atomkernen. Seine ersten Lehrerfahrungen sammelte er an der Wesleyan University of Connecticut. Anschließend wurde er Physikprofessor an der Oakland University, wo er maßgeblich an der Entwicklung des Lehrplans für das Physikstudium beteiligt war. Inzwischen lebt er als Emeritus in Berkeley, California. Gene Mosca hat über viele Jahre Physikkurse an amrikanischen Universitäten gegeben, darunter Emporia State, University of South Dakota and Annapolis und Web-Kurse entwickelt. Er hat als Koautor der dritten und vierten englischen Ausgabe auch die Studentenmaterialien gestaltet. Dietrich Pelte ist, nach mehrjährigen Forschungsaufenthalten in Israel, Kanada und den USA, jetzt pensionierter Professor für Experimentalphysik an der Universität Heidelberg. Er ist Autor zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Publikationen und über viele Jahre durch seine Grundvorlesungen und als Vorsitzender des Diplomprüfungsausschusses der Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie didaktisch erfahren. -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

trenbolon

Wie wir bereits festgestellt haben, aromatisiert Trenbolon nicht beim Menschen, eine Gynäkomastie sollte somit unmöglich sein. Trotzdem gibt es Trenbolonnutzer hierzulande und in den USA, die von den komischsten Symptomen berichten. Knoten bishin zu einer Laktation, ja richtig gelesen, also zu einem Flüssigkeitsaustritt aus der Brustdrüse.
Da Trenbolon nicht aromatisiert suchte man nach anderen Möglichkeiten dies zu erklären. Einerseits wäre da die starke Bindung des Trenbolon und seiner Metaboliten an den Progesteronrezeptor, ja sie übersteigen sogar die Affinität des Progesteron selbst. (8)
Nur die Affinität selbst sagt nichts über die Wirkung aus, auch Stanazolol weist eine Bindung an diesen Rezeptor auf und aktiviert ihn anscheinend auch, die Autoren dieser Studie weisen auch darauf hin, dass Tren als auch seine Metaboliten, sehr wohl eine progesteronartige Wirkung aufweisen könnten. Es gibt jedoch keinen Beweis für eine allein progesteroninduzierte Gynäkomastie, das tut Progesteron einfach nicht. Progesteron an sich verhält sich irgendwo recht asexuell, jedoch sollte man bedenken, dass es sehr wohl die Effekte der Östrogene auf das Brustgewebe verstärken kann. (9)
Trenbolon könnte also rein theoretisch durch seine gestagene Wirkung zusammen mit einem aromatisierenden Steroid, die Gefahr einer Gynäkomastie verstärken.
Ich sage "könnte" denn das alles ist recht spekulativ.
Mäuse bei denen die Östrogenrezeptoren per Genmanipulation ausgeschaltet wurden, konnten trotz anderer vorhandener, relevanter Faktoren keine Entwicklung der Brustdrüse insbesondere der Milchgänge, erreichen. Dies zeigt wie essentiell das Östrogen für die Brustentwicklung als auch für eine Gynäkomastie ist. (10)
Trenbolon jedoch aromatisiert nicht.
Und wieder muss ich Einiges relativieren. Wenn man sich mit dieser Thematik auseinandersetzt, ja noch nicht mal so sehr die Entwicklung von Brustkrebs miteinbezieht, so wird einem klar, wie hochkomplex die ganze Thematik ist. Uns bleibt also nichts weiter, als das Ganze zumindest in diesem Artikel kurz und knapp zu halten, als auch uns an den stärksten Argumenten zu halten, statt uns in Einzelheiten zu verlieren.

Dann gibt es die Theorie, Trenbolon könnte die Prolactinausschüttung erhöhen, dies würde zu einem Anschwellen der Brustdrüsen führen, ja bishin zu einer Milchabsonderung.
Dies hätten die Betroffenen dann mit Bromocriptin, einem Dopaminagonisten behoben, da es ja prolactinsenkend wirkt. (11) Nolvadex mit dem Wirkstoff Tamoxifen, also ein Östrogenantagonist, hätte nicht geholfen, obwohl dies üblich ist wenn es um Gynäkomastieprobleme geht.
Das paradoxe hier, ist wiederrum die Tatsache, dass Androgene die Prolactinausschüttung hemmen und Östrogene sie verstärken. Trenbolon selbst hat z.B. in einer Studie mit Lämmern ja sogar in Kombination mit Östrogenen die Prolactinwerte gesenkt und die Entwicklung der Brust gehemmt. (12)
Fairnesshalber muss man jedoch die Messmethoden bedenken, Prolactinwerte steigen meistens während der Schlafperiode an, es ist zweifelhaft, dass diese Werte gerade zu diesem Zeitpunkt gemessen wurden, eine Studie mit Nandrolon an Ratten z.B. zeigt eine Prolactinerhöhung an, obwohl Nandrolon ein Androgen ist. (13)
Das muss jedoch nicht auf das Trenbolon übertragbar sein und letztendlich muss man das Endergebnis bedenken, Trenbolon verhinderte eine Entwicklung der Brust.

Weiterhin müssen wir uns noch mal in Bezug auf die Behauptung, Tamoxifen/Nolvadex hätte nicht zu einer Besserung der Symptome geführt, zwei weitere Studien anschauen in der Tamoxifen nicht nur die Östrogenrezeptoren besetzt, sondern auch die Prolactinrezeptoren antagonisiert und was am wichtigsten ist, dadurch als ein Antilaktogen funktionierte. Es hemmte also eine Milch/Flüssigkeitsbildung. (14,15)

"In addition to inhibition of PRL binding, TAM also prevents the PRL-induced accumulation of caseins by cultured mouse mammary explants. Thus it appears that the triphenylethylene antiestrogens, acting through the AEBS, act as antilactogens in the normal mammary gland." 
Fassen wir das Ganze also soweit zusammen: Trenbolon aromatisiert nicht, seine gestagene (progesteronartige) Wirkung verursacht allein keine Gyno, Prolactin braucht auch Östrogene und Trenbolon senkt die Prolactinwerte, Tamoxifen blockt Östrogenrezeptoren und Prolactinrezeptoren.
Dann bleibt mir die Frage wie Trenbolon zu einer Gynäkomastie oder Laktation führen kann, bei der Tamoxifen nicht von Nutzen ist und ich wäre froh wenn man sie mir beantworten könnte.
Das meine ich ernst. Wenn ich euch bei dieser Frage keine 100% Antwort präsentieren kann, dann wenigstens eine gesunde Skepsis.
Auch wenn es viele Steroidnutzer immer wieder vergessen, die einfachste Lösung eine entstehende Gyno einzudämmen, beinhaltet auch das komplette Absetzen oder zumindest Herabsetzen der Steroiddosis in Kombination mit Mitteln wie Nolvadex, denn Nolvadex allein ist kein Wundermittel.

dianabol

With literally hundreds upon hundreds of different types of steroids out there, we wanted to elaborate on some of the most popular selections that people in bodybuilding are choosing today, including anadrol, winstrol, deca durabolin, [perhaps one of the most famous of all steroids] and of course, anavar and dianabol. The article below should answer almost any question you have about dianabol and all of the sources used are listed at the bottom of this page. We encourage you to do your own research as well and stay informed on current steroid news.

 
After testosterone suspension, and various forms of testosterone, this was second Anabolic Steroidever produced. It’s simply testosterone with a minor alteration (an added 1-2 double carbon bond), and an added 17a-methyl group. This does two things. The added 17a-methyl group serves to allow it to pass through the liver without being totally destroyed, and the 1-2 double bond slows the rate of conversion to estrogen (aromatization). Although conversion to estrogen is going to be less than with testosterone, it’s actually still going to be enough to cause potential side-effects because it converts to a very potent type of estrogen. Dianabol (often just called Dbol for short) is typically only seen in bulking cycles- and then only for the first 4-6 weeks. Common doses are between 20mgs/day for a beginner and double to triple that for an advanced user.

Although Dbol is usually found in pill form it can also be found as an injectable. As with Winstrol, both versions are exactly the same, just suspended in water or oil versus a pill, capsule or as a paper anabolic. Regardless of the form it takes, it is still a 17aa steroid; which means two things, for our purposes. The first is that it has been altered at the 17th Carbon position, in order to resist being inactivated by your liver, and the second is that as a result, your liver enzymes will be elevated as a result of this resistance to inactivation. This is good because it means that the active chemical will make its way into your blood stream- and it’s bad because these elevated enzymes can stress your liver. In reasonable doses, which I believe to be up to 50mgs/day, the main “side effect” is going to be rapid weight gain. Its watery weight sometimes and not typically considered “clean” gains, but it’s definitely going to make you stronger. I’ve seen studies using some pretty high doses of Dianabol, and the subjects didn’t really suffer any intolerable side effects (1).

Often, Dbol is compared to Anadrol 50 and in many ways that comparison is apt. Although Anadrol is derived from Dihydrotestosterone and Dianabol is derived from testosterone, they still share a couple of similarities when we take a look at them from an effects & side effects point of view. Both of them cause a rapid buildup of both strength and weight at equal doses, both produce a bit of a bloated look, both are going to stress your liver to an extent as well as raise your blood pressure. Interestingly, both also bind very weakly to the Androgen Receptor, so many of their effects are thought to be non-receptor mediated, and are attributable to other mechanisms. Although Dbol has only modest aromataseactivity (2), I really have to stress that it metabolizes to a very potent estrogen.

The use of Dianabol is currently popular for jumpstarting a bulking cycle, and thus seeing immediate results from the outset of the cycle. For this reason it’s often stacked with longer acting injectables such as Testosterone Cypionate or Enanthate, and Deca-Durabolin. The rationale here with this is that the Dbol will give the user a rapid buildup of weight and strength, and those gains can be compounded when the injectables begin to produce results. This is typically done for the first 2-6 weeks of a cycle, with 4 weeks being the most typical time span.

My own experience with Dianabol was pretty impressive, in retrospect. I used a Bulgarian version of it for my first cycle, alone, and at a dose of 25mgs/day. I was training very heavy, and eating like a horse- and in six weeks I gained 28lbs. Granted, it was very watery weight, and did not particularly improve my athletic performance until I dieted off a lot of the water, but I was left weighing roughly 10-15lbs heavier, after several months of being off, and was able to keep those fifteen lbs for good. This isn’t to be construed as my saying D-bol produces permanent gains, but in my case, after I had lost nearly half of what I gained, I was able to hold on to a nice amount of that weight.

Several years later, I worked my way up to just over 100kgs, while using roughly four grams of anabolics every week. I was able to maintain this weight by using Dianabol at a dose of 10mgs/day, and could have probably done this indefinitely, if that dose were continued- or if I actually wanted to stay at that weight, which I didn’t after a few weeks.

sustanon

This product was the first multi-estered blend of testosterone available on the market, and was developed by Organon as an ideal HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) solution. To this day, most multi-estered blends are often referred to as the “(drug name) version of Sustanon” and many underground labs produce their own testosterone blends with a different number at the end (ex: “Sustanon 250” or whatever). It was meant to give the user consistently elevated blood levels of testosterone over the course of a month, and thus eliminate the need for frequent trips to the doctors office for injections. This drug was very popular in the 80’s and 90’s, and was often thought of as being a “stack” in one drug. This isn’t really accurate, because, in the end all you have is testosterone once your body has metabolized it.



Lately, it seems that this product has fallen out the radar for the most part, as it’s a bit expensive compared to other, single ester, testosterone products.

Sustanon will do exactly what any other form of testosterone will do, no more and no less. This means that it will cause muscle growth as well as fat loss, by sending a message to your muscles to store more protein (that’s its primary anabolic effect), while also protecting your muscles from catabolic (muscle wasting) (1). It will also change both the appearance and the actual number of muscle fibers in your body(2). We also find that aggression levels rise with the use of any form of testosterone (3), and it also increases erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) in your kidneys(4). This higher Red Blood Cell (RBC) count may actually improve endurance. Thus, it’s appropriate to say that Sustanon will increase strength, size, aggression, and maybe even endurance but certainly work capacity and recovery. More RBCs can also improve recovery from strenuous physical activity. In addition, Testosterone improves muscle contractile ability by two mechanisms: increasing the number of motor neutrons in muscle(5) and improving neuromuscular transmission(6). Also, testosterone is a well known promoter of glycogen synthesis.(7)

As with any form of testosterone, Sustanon will convert to the primary female hormone estrogen (via a mechanism known as aromatization) when it is metabolized by the aromatize enzyme. Estrogen can lead to side effects, such as acne, the growth of breast tissue (called gynocomastia), as well as fat gain and reduced fat breakdown, testicular shrinkage and water retention. Testosterone is also metabolized intoDihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the 5alpha-reductase enzyme. This is a more androgenic form of Testosterone, and DHT has a high binding affinity to the tissues of both the prostate and the scalp resulting in hair loss in loss in users who may suffer from male pattern baldness. Prostate enlargement is also possible.

The only real downside to Sustanon is its relatively high cost. When compared with other forms of testosterone, you’re typically not getting a very good buy for your money when you choose to use any multi-estered product. However, as long as Sustanon remains easily accessible on the black market, it’s going to be found in cycles for a long time to come.

vidoe zum anabolika

http://clips.team-andro.com/watch/2528910047c31b6c2e95/anabolika-jugendliche-und-der-schnelle-muskelaufbau

Clomiphene Citrate

Clomid® is the commonly referenced brand name for the drug clomiphene citrate. It is not an anabolic steroid, but a prescription drug generally prescribed to women as a fertility aid. This is due to the fact that clomiphene citrate shows a pronounced ability to stimulate ovulation. This is accomplished by blocking/minimizing the effects of estrogen in the body. To be more specific Clomid is chemically a synthetic estrogen with both agonist/antagonist properties, and is very similar in structure and action to Nolvadex. In certain target tissues it can block the ability of estrogen to bind with its corresponding receptor. Its clinical use is therefore to oppose the negative feedback of estrogens on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, which enhances the release of LH and FSH. This of course can help to induce ovulation.

For athletic purposes, Clomid does not offer a tremendous benefit to women. In men however, the elevation in both follicle stimulating hormone and (primarily) luteinizing hormone will cause natural testosterone production to increase. This effect is especially beneficial to the athlete at the conclusion of a steroid cycle when endogenous testosterone levels are depressed. If endogenous testosterone levels are not brought beck to normal, a dramatic loss in size and strength is likely to occur once the anabolics have been removed. This is due to the fact that without testosterone (or other androgens), the catabolic hormone cortisol becomes the dominant force affecting muscle protein synthesis (quickly bringing about a catabolic metabolism). Often referred to as the post-steroid crash, it can quickly eat up much of your newly acquired muscle. Clomid can play a crucial role in preventing this crash in athletic performance. As for women, the only real use for Clomid is the possible management of endogenous estrogen levels near contest time. This can increase fat loss and muscularity, particularly in female trouble areas such as this hips and thighs. Clomid however often produces troubling side effects in women (discussed below), and is likewise not in very high demand among this group of athletes.

Male users generally find that a daily intake of 50-100 mg (1-2 tablets) over a four to six week period will bring testosterone production back to an acceptable level. A very common regime of dosing is; 300 md/day 1, 100 mg/day for days 2-11, and 50 mg/day for days 12-21. This raise in testosterone should occur slowly but evenly throughout the period of intake. Since an immediate boost in testosterone is often desirable, many prefer to combine Clomid with HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) for the first week or two after the steroids have been removed. The kick-start from HCG also helps to restore the normal ability for the testes to respond to endogenous LH, which may be hindered for some time after the cycle is ended due to a prolonged state of inactivity. Once the HCG is stopped, the user continues treatment with Clomid alone. HCG should not be used for longer than two or three weeks though, as the resulting increased testosterone and estrogen levels may again initiate negative feedback inhibition at the hypothalamus. When planning your ancillary drug program, it is also important to remember that injectable steroids can stay active for a long duration. Using ancillary drugs the first week after a long acting injectable like Sustanon has been stopped may prove to be wholly ineffective. Instead, the athlete should wait for two to three weeks, to a point where androgen levels will be diminishing. Here the body will be primed and ready to restore testosterone production.

Clomid and HCG are also occasionally used periodically during a steroid cycle, in an effort to prevent natural testosterone levels from diminishing. In many instances this practice can prove difficult however, especially when using strong androgens for longer periods of time. There is also no exact method for using the two drugs in this manner. Some have experimented by periodically administering small doses of HCG along with one or two tablets of Clomid, perhaps for a few days at a stretch followed by a longer break. An on/off schedule would be implemented; for fear that this combination may lose some effectiveness if used continuously for this purpose. This method of intake may prove to be effective, although it is really much more feasible to stimulate testosterone production after the cycle than to try and maintain it for the long duration during.

In addition to helping with the post-cycle testosterone crash, this drug can also help with elevated estrogen levels during a steroid cycle. A high estrogen bevel puts an athlete in serious risk of developing gynecomastia, which is an obvious unwanted side effect. With the intake of Clomid, the athlete can hopefully reduce his risk for developing gynecomastia. The estrogen "blocking" properties of Clomid appear to be slightly weaker than Nolvadex in comparison however, which is why it is not usually thought of as an equal substitute for estrogen maintenance. Of course both drugs have similar actions in the body. and are relatively interchangeable for this purpose. Clomid can likewise also be used as a maintenance anti-estrogen throughout the duration of steroid cycle with good confidence, just as is done with Nolvadex. In most instances this will prove equally sufficient, the drug effectively minimizing the activity of estrogen in the body and warding off gyno and excess water/fat retention. Unfortunately just as with Nolvadex this is not always the case however, and many find it necessary to addition another anti-estrogenic drug. The most common adjunct is Proviron, an oral DHT used to competitively lower aromatase activity and raise the androgen to estrogen ratio. The Clomid/Nolvadex and Proviron combination is extremely effective, although we could alternately replace them both with a more specific aromatase inhibitor such as Arimidex,Femara, or Aromasin. While stronger at combating estrogen in most cases, these drugs are also typically much more costly.

As for toxicity and side effects, Clomid is considered a very safe drug. Bodybuilders seldom report any problems, but listed possible side effects do include hot flashes, nausea, dizziness, headaches and temporarily blurred vision. Such side effects usually only appear in females however, as they feel the effects of estrogen manipulation much more readily than men. While female athletes can clearly gain some benefit from this substance, estrogen manipulation is probably not the most comfortable way to go about cutting up. Should it still be used for such purposed and side effects do become pronounced, the drug of course is to be discontinued and (at least) a break taken from it.

Clomiphene citrate is widely available on the black market in a variety of brand names as well as generic tabs and liquid versions. 

Testosterone propionate

Testosterone propionate is a commonly manufactured, oil-based injectable testosterone compound. The propionate ester will slow the rate in which the steroid is released from the injection site, but only for a few days. Testosterone propionate is therefore much faster acting than other testosterone esters such as cypionate or enanthate, and requires a much more frequent dosing schedule, in order to maintain stable blood levels. While cypionate and enanthate are injected on a weekly or bi-weekly basis, propionate is usually injected every second. The propionate ester can be very irritating to the site of injection. In fact, many sensitive individuals choose to stay away from this steroid completely, their body reacting with a pronounced soreness and low-grade fever that may last for a few days.

Those who do not mind frequent injections will find propionate to be quite an effective steroid. As with all testosterones, it is a powerful mass drug, capable of producing rapid gains in size and strength. At the same time the buildup of estrogen and DHT (dihydrotestosterone) will be pronounced, so typical testosterone side effects are to be expected. Many consider propionate to be the mildest testosterone ester, and the preferred form for the dieting/cutting phases of training. Some will go so far as to say that propionate will harden the physique, while giving the user less water and fat retention than one typically expects to see with a testosterone. Realistically however, this is nonsense. The ester is removed before testosterone is active in the body, and likewise the ester cannot alter the activity of the parent steroid in any way, only slow its release. We can say that propionate might be the favored testosterone among female bodybuilders (for those who insist on testosterone use), as blood levels are easier to control with it compared to other esters. Should virilization symptoms develop, one would not wish to wait the weeks needed for testosterone concentrations to fall after a shot of enanthate for example.

During a typical cycle one will see action that is consistent with a testosterone. Users sensitive to gynecomastia and water retention may therefore need to add an anti-estrogen like Arimidex, Femara or Aromasin. Those particularly troubled by gynecomastia may find that a combination of Nolvadex and Proviron works especially well at preventing/halting this occurrence. Also unavoidable with a testosterone are androgenic side effects like oily skin, acne, increased aggression and body/facial hair growth. Those who may have a predisposition for male pattern baldness may also find that propionate will aggravate this condition. To help combat this one may choose to Propecia/Proscar, which will reduce the buildup of DHT in many androgen target tissues. This will help minimize related side effects (particularly hair loss) although it offers us no guarantees. And as with all testosterone products, propionate will also suppress endogenous testosterone production. The use of a testosterone stimulating drug like HCG and/or Clomid/Nolvadex is therefore a requirement in order to avoid enduring a post-cycle crash.

The most common dosage schedule for this compound (men) is to inject 50 to 100mg, every day or 2nd day. As with the more popular esters, the total weekly dosage would be in the range of 300-700mg. As with all testosterone compounds, this drug is most appropriately suited for bulking phases of training. Here it is most often combined with other strong agents such as Dianabol, Anadrol, or Deca-Durabolin, combinations that prove to work quite well. Propionate however is sometimes also used with nonaromatizing anabolics/androgens during cutting or dieting phases of training, a time when it's fast action and androgenic nature are also appreciated. Popular stacks include a moderate dosage of propionate with an oral anabolic like Winstrol (15-35 mg daily), Primobolan (50-150mg daily) or oxandrolone (15-30mg daily). Provided the body fat percentage is sufficiently low, the look of dense muscularity can be notably improved (barring any excess estrogen buildup from the testosterone). One could also add a non-aromatizing androgen like trenbolone or Halotestin, which should have an even more extreme effect on subcutaneous body fat and muscle hardness. Of course with the added androgen content any related side effects will become much more pronounced.

Women who absolutely must use an injectable testosterone should only use this preparation. The dosage schedule should also be more spread out for a female bodybuilder, with injections coming every 5 to 7 days. The dosage obviously would be lower as well, generally in the range of 25mg to 50mg per injection. Androgenic activity should be less pronounced with this schedule, giving blood levels time to sufficiently decrease before the drug is administered again. In order to further reduce any risks, the duration of this cycle should not exceed 8 weeks. Should a stronger anabolic effect be needed, a small amount of Durabolin (Deca-Durabolin if unavailable), Oxandrolone or Winstrol could be added. Of course the risk of noticing virilizing effects from these drugs may increase, even with the addition of a mild anabolic. Since many of the masculinizing side effects of steroid use can be irreversible, it is very important for the female athlete to monitor the dosage, duration and incidence of side effects very closely.

Some Vet companies as well as UG labs are now even producing 250mg/ml dosage vials. This dosage is more shocking than it sounds at first next to all the 250mg enanthate and now cypionate products in circulation. Testosterone propionate is less oil soluble than Testosterone enanthate or cypionate, making a high dosage more difficult to achieve. Before this the highest concentration you could find of this steroid was 100mg/ml. Reaching 250 milligrams is no doubt a result of not simply adding more steroid to one ml of oil, but increasing the alcohol content in the solution considerably as well. This makes for a much more uncomfortable solution to inject. Although admittedly the highest dose of propionate you will ever find, users have been reporting that it is also intolerably painful. Most find they have to dilute the solution with other lower dosed steroids if they are to continue using the product. This should be no a surprise I guess with a steroid that already has a reputation as being painful to inject.